At 10:26 am on January 3, 2019, the "Chang'e-4" probe successfully landed in a pre-selected landing zone near the longitude of the back of the moon at 177.6 degrees east longitude and 45.5 degrees south latitude, and passed back to the world through the "Qiaoqiao" relay star The first close-up image of the moon's back. This mission achieved the first soft landing of the human probe on the moon's back and the first relay communication between the moon's back and the earth, which opened a new chapter of human lunar exploration. General Secretary Xi Jinping specifically mentioned the "Chang'e-4" satellite in the New Year congratulations in 2019. After the "Chang'e-4" landed, the patrol unit was separated, and the "Yutu-2" lunar rover left a "human walk" footprint on the back of the moon, and successfully launched the patrol detection mission on the back of the moon. This great feat also has the application and support of Shanghai Jiaotong University material technology.
Materials scientists at Shanghai Jiaotong University successfully help "humans land on the back of the moon for the first time"
The high-performance SiC-reinforced aluminum-based composite material developed by the team of Professor Zhang Huan and Professor Ouyang Qiubao's team at the Institute of Composite Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University on the Moon The soft landing on the back and the "Yutu 2" lunar rover provide material and component support for patrol and detection on the back of the moon, etc., and contribute to China's march towards the space age.
Scientists build "King Kong is not bad" for "Chang'e-4"
The high-performance SiC-reinforced aluminum-based composite material developed by the team is used in four key loads in the Chang'e 4 detector, including the lens barrel and optical base plate in spaceborne optical instruments such as laser rangefinders, 3D imagers, and infrared spectrometers. , Frame and other 12 key components. The mission of spaceborne optical instruments requires that they must have high resolution and stable optical performance. This requires that when the structure and device are optimally designed, the materials used must have sufficient dimensional stability and good rigidity. performance. Both require high resolution and stable optical performance, and traditional materials are difficult to meet their performance requirements.
The SiC particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite material developed by the team has the characteristics of light weight, high rigidity, and high dimensional stability, which can meet the requirements of light weight, non-deformation and dimensional stability of the load structure, and solves the high resolution and high stability of spaceborne instruments. This problem provides important support for the operation of "Chang'e-4" and the completion of various scientific detection tasks.
Scientists build "Super Hot Wheel" for "Yutu II"
Lunar rover patrols on the moon face the test of harsh and complicated space environment and complex unknown terrain and landforms. Facing the back of the moon that has never been explored by humans, the lunar rover must experience complex and unknown topographical features and harsh and complicated spaces. The severe test of the environment, such as the temperature difference of "day and night" exceeding 300 ° C results in thermal stress and thermal deformation of the components, and the lunar rover has to withstand various collisions, extrusions, frictions, wear, etc. while walking. The process of landing on the back of the moon will be very tortuous, and any small mistake will cause a series of problems, which can even cause the moon landing to fail. The pawl of the walking mechanism, which is mainly in contact with the lunar surface, is one of the key and difficult problems for the lunar rover to carry out lunar motion detection. The walking pawl made of SiC particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material developed by the team was successfully applied to the "Yutu No. 2" lunar rover. SiC particle-reinforced aluminum-based composites have the characteristics of light weight, high rigidity, high wear resistance, impact resistance, and dimensional stability. They can withstand a variety of harsh and complex service conditions on the lunar surface, making the "Yutu 2" lunar rover on the moon Back escort.
The aluminum-based composite materials and products developed by the team have been successfully used in China's lunar exploration project for a long time and many times.
The research team led by Professor Zhang Ye and Professor Ouyang Qiubao from the Institute of Composite Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University has long-term, systematic and in-depth foundations and applications of aluminum-based composites Basic research has become China's main R & D and manufacturing base for lightweight and high-strength aluminum-based composite materials. The official website of the Ministry of Science and Technology has evaluated the team in this way: The research team of the State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites has carried out long-term, systematic and in-depth basic and application basic research on aluminum-based composite materials, and has become China's main lightweight high-strength aluminum-based composite material. R & D and manufacturing bases have made important contributions to China's high-tech development and maintaining national security.
The research team carried out a long-term and in-depth systematic research on the three difficult points in the science of preparation of discontinuously reinforced metal matrix composite materials for aerospace use in China: difficulty in compound control, interface matching, and deformation processing. The properties of the developed SiC-reinforced aluminum-based composite materials have reached the international leading level, and more than 20 national invention patents have been obtained. And established the first domestic aluminum-based composite material technical standards for aerospace, and national standards, forming a batch, multi-variety research and production capacity of high-performance aluminum-based composite materials, and successfully promoted the application for China's high-tech development and maintenance of the country Safety has made an important contribution.
Before supporting the "Chang'e-4" probe landing mission on the back of the moon, SiC particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite materials have been successfully applied in major space projects such as lunar exploration projects and manned space projects, and the number of applications has been continuously expanded. And scope.
The "Chang'e II" detector launched on October 1, 2010 successfully applied three types of components. The "Chang'e-2" satellite is the technical leader of the second phase of the lunar exploration project. Its main purpose is to perform some key technical tests for the "Chang'e-3" mission to achieve a soft landing on the moon. Chang'e II is the second lunar orbiter in the winding, falling, and returning phase of the trilogy of China's lunar exploration program. During the entire lunar orbit and later "reemployment" detection missions, Chang'e II "A lot of scientific achievements have been made, and it has become the farthest probe in the history of China's deep space exploration, and has become an artificial celestial body orbiting the sun after the fuel is exhausted.
A total of 12 components of the "Chang'e 3" probe launched in December 2013 were successfully applied to 3 types of loads, and successfully applied to the pawl components of the "Yutu" lunar rover traveling mechanism. As the main task of the second phase of China's lunar exploration project, the "Chang'e-3" detector is the first time that China's spacecraft has achieved soft landing and patrol detection activities on celestial bodies outside the earth. It is a three-step walk around the moon exploration project A key step for China Chengde. The State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites has developed a variety of high-performance aluminum-based composite materials and components for our lunar exploration project, and has been successfully applied to the mobile sub-system of the “Yutu” lunar rover and “Chang’e III "" Optical system, contribute to the development of national space science and technology.
The "Tiangong II" spacecraft launched on October 19, 2016, successfully applied more than 200 kinds of SiC particles reinforced aluminum-based composite components of more than 200 kinds of 45 kinds. This is the second space laboratory independently developed by China after Tiangong 1. It is also the first real space laboratory in China. It will be used to further verify the space rendezvous and docking technology and conduct a series of space experiments. Tiangong-2 mainly conducts applications and experiments in the fields of earth observation and space earth system science, new space applications technology, space technology and aerospace medicine, including the release of companion small satellites, and the docking of cargo spacecraft with Tiangong-2.
The "Fengyun-4" meteorological satellite launched in December 2016 and the "Ocean-1C" satellite launched in September 2018 have successfully applied SiC particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite materials and components. The project provides more than 10,000 key components. "Fengyun-4" meteorological satellite is a new generation of stationary orbit meteorological satellite in China. The satellite successfully broke through many core key technologies such as high-precision image positioning and registration, micro-vibration measurement and suppression, which represented the international frontier, and significantly improved China's geostationary satellite development and space observation application capabilities. Another important sign. "Ocean-1C" is China's third marine aqua series satellite and the first marine business satellite planned by China's civil space infrastructure. It will provide data services for the global ocean water temperature and temperature monitoring, provide data services for China's offshore waters and islands, coastal zone resources and environmental investigations, marine disaster prevention and mitigation, sustainable use of marine resources, marine ecological early warning and environmental protection, but also for meteorology, agriculture And water conservancy applications.
The prosperity of science and technology is the prosperity of the nation, and the strength of science and technology is the strength of the country. The material man always pursues the truth with the spirit of innovation, and stands firm in the backbone of an innovative country!