The material industry is the basic industry of the national economy, and new materials are the precursor of the development of the material industry. Graphene, carbon nanotubes, amorphous alloys, foamed metals, ionic liquids… 20 new materials bring unlimited opportunities for the development of the materials industry.
Today, the technological revolution is developing rapidly, new materials and products are changing with each passing day, and the pace of industrial upgrading and material replacement is accelerating. New materials technology is integrated with nanotechnology, biotechnology, and information technology. The integration of structure and function, and the trend of intelligentization of functional materials are obvious. The low-carbon, green, renewable cycle and other environmentally friendly characteristics of materials have attracted much attention.
This article synthesizes the research progress of domestic and foreign well-known research institutions and companies, scientific and technological media reviews, and industry hotspot research, and selects 20 major new materials. The following is the detailed information of related materials (in no particular order)
1. Graphene
Breakthrough: unusual electrical conductivity, extremely low resistivity, extremely low and extremely fast electron migration speed, strength exceeding dozens of times of steel and excellent light transmission.
Development trend: The 2010 Nobel Prize in Physics has made graphene popular in the technology and capital markets in recent years. In the next five years, it will be in optoelectronic displays, semiconductors, touch screens, electronic devices, energy storage batteries, displays, sensors, semiconductors, aerospace, military industry, compound Materials, biomedicine and other fields will explode.
2. Aerogel
Breakthrough: high porosity, low density, light weight, low thermal conductivity, excellent thermal insulation properties.
Development trend: New materials with great potential have great potential in the fields of energy conservation, environmental protection, thermal insulation, electrical appliances, and construction.
3. Carbon Nanotubes
Breakthrough: high electrical conductivity, high thermal conductivity, high elastic modulus, high tensile strength, etc.
Development trend: electrodes, catalyst carriers, sensors, etc. of functional devices.
4. Fullerene
Breakthrough: with linear and nonlinear optical characteristics, alkali metal fullerene superconductivity, etc.
Development trend: The future has important prospects in the fields of life sciences, medicine, astrophysics, etc., and is expected to be used in optoelectronic devices such as optical converters, signal conversion and data storage.
5. Amorphous alloy
Breakthrough: high strength and toughness, excellent magnetic permeability and low magnetic loss, excellent liquid fluidity.
Development trend: high-frequency low-loss transformers, structural components of mobile terminal equipment, etc.
6. Metal foam
Breakthrough: light weight, low density, high porosity, and large specific surface area.
Development trend: It is conductive and can replace the application fields where inorganic non-metallic materials cannot conduct electricity; it has great potential in the field of sound insulation and noise reduction.
7. Ionic liquid
Breakthrough: High thermal stability, wide liquid temperature range, adjustable acid and alkali, polarity, coordination ability, etc.
Development trend: It has broad application prospects in the fields of green chemical industry, biology and catalysis.
8. Nanocellulose
Breakthrough: with good biocompatibility, water retention, wide range of pH stability; with nano-network structure, and high mechanical properties.
Development trend: It has great prospects in biomedicine, enhancer, paper industry, purification, conductive and inorganic compound food, industrial magnetic compound.
9. Nano-dot perovskite
Breakthrough: Nano-dot perovskite has giant magnetoresistance, high ionic conductivity, and catalyzes oxygen precipitation and reduction.
Development trend: In the future, it has great potential in the fields of catalysis, storage, sensors and light absorption.
10.3D printing materials
Breakthrough: Change the processing method of traditional industry to quickly realize the formation of complex structures.
Development trend: The revolutionary molding method has great prospects in the field of complex structure molding and rapid processing molding.
11. Flexible glass
Breakthrough: Change the rigidity and fragility of traditional glass and realize the flexible and revolutionary innovation of glass.
Development trend: In the future, the field of flexible displays and foldable devices has great prospects.
Main research institutions (companies): Corning Corporation, German SCHOTT Group, etc.
12. Self-assembly (self-repair) materials
Breakthrough: Self-assembly of material molecules to realize the "intelligence" of the material itself, change the previous method of material preparation, and realize the spontaneous formation of a certain shape and structure of the material itself.
Development trend: change the traditional material preparation and material repair methods, and have great prospects in molecular devices, surface engineering, nanotechnology and other fields in the future.
13. Degradable bioplastics
Breakthrough: Naturally degradable, raw materials come from renewable resources, change the dependence of traditional plastics on fossil resources such as oil, natural gas, coal, and reduce environmental pollution.
Development trend: It is promising to replace traditional plastics in the future.
14. Titanium carbon composite material
Breakthrough: With high strength, low density, and excellent corrosion resistance, it has unlimited prospects in the aviation and civil fields.
Development trend: In the future, it has a wide range of potential applications in light weight, high strength, corrosion resistance and other environments.
15. Metamaterials
Breakthrough: It has physical characteristics that conventional materials do not have, such as negative magnetic permeability and negative dielectric constant.
Development trend: Change the traditional concept of processing according to the nature of the material. In the future, the characteristics of the material can be designed according to needs. The potential is unlimited and revolutionary.
16. Superconducting materials
Breakthrough: In the superconducting state, the material has zero resistance, no current loss, and the material exhibits diamagnetism in the magnetic field.
Development trend: In the future, such as breaking through the high-temperature superconducting technology, it is expected to solve the problems of power transmission loss and heating of electronic devices, as well as green new transmission magnetic suspension technology.
17. Shape Memory Alloy
Breakthrough: After pre-forming, after being forcedly deformed by external conditions, it will be restored to its original shape after being processed under certain conditions to realize the reversible design and application of material deformation.
Development trend: There is huge potential in the fields of space technology, medical equipment, machinery and electronic equipment.
18. Magnetostrictive materials
Breakthrough: Under the action of magnetic field, it can produce elongation or compression performance, and realize the interaction between material deformation and magnetic field.
Development trend: It is widely used in the fields of intelligent structural devices, shock absorbers, transducing structures, high-precision motors, etc. Under certain conditions, its performance is better than piezoelectric ceramics.
19. Magnetic (electric) fluid materials
Breakthrough: Liquid state, with the magnetic properties of solid magnetic materials, and the fluidity of liquids, with characteristics and applications that traditional magnetic bulk materials do not have.
Development trend: It is used in magnetic seal, magnetic refrigeration, magnetic heat pump and other fields, and changes the traditional sealed refrigeration and other methods.
20. Smart Polymer Gel
Breakthrough: Can perceive changes in the surrounding environment, and can respond, with similar biological response characteristics.
Development trend: The expansion-contraction cycle of smart polymer gel can be used for chemical valves, adsorption separation, sensors and memory materials; the power provided by the cycle is used to design "chemical engines"; the controllability of the mesh is suitable for smart drug release systems…