Japan's new Shinkansen (ShinKansen) trains have been in trial operation since May 10, and will officially operate at a speed of 360km / h in the future, only 10km / h faster than the speed of the Chinese high-speed rail "Fuxing". The Chinese high-speed rail "Fuxing" has been running since September 2017. From Beijing to Shanghai line and other lines, the maximum speed is 350km / h. If Japan ’s test-run Shinkansen trains go into actual operation in the future, it will set some world records: the vehicle structure is made of large-size materials extruded from flame-retardant magresium allog, which is the first time for a world first; the front It is the longest in the history of rail vehicles, known as the "nose", 22 meters long and the longest in the world. In early May, the car was unveiled to the public at the East Japan Railway Co., Ltd., Rifucho Shinkansen Comprehensive Center. The train consisted of 10 vehicles with a total length of 250m, with the front and rear heads 44m, and the total length of 8 cars was 206m, each 25.75 m, its height is 2.9m, and its width is 3.2m. The car body is based on pan-blue, silver-white, with green lines, which is particularly bright and extraordinary.
According to Ogawa All the Way, the director of the R & D Center of East Japan Railway Company, Shinkansen new trains pursue three goals: speed as fast as possible, safety should be high, and superior unprecedented comfort. To this end, the compartment is not like the usual new With a full line of seats like a trunk train, making the front of the car a long "nose" can greatly reduce the pressure wave that causes noise when driving through a tunnel.
Japan is a country with frequent earthquakes, and catastrophic earthquakes occur from time to time. In order to achieve the first stop when an earthquake occurs, in addition to a complete and powerful brake, it is also equipped with the latest type of electromagnetic force to slow down " Linear negative acceleration increase device "and so on. In addition, a new control device designed to reduce left-to-right shake and up-and-down vibration is installed. Even if the elderly and frail people ride in this kind of car, they will not feel dizzy, and nauseous, and everyone will feel happy. travel.
The R & D personnel installed a large number of vehicle-mounted equipment and instruments for obtaining vibration data in the test sports car, and used the data collected by them to concentrate through the Internet of Things, thereby predicting the places and locations where the vehicle is prone to problems, and helping the maintenance personnel be targeted. Focused maintenance and advance maintenance can improve maintenance efficiency and greatly reduce accident rates and maintenance costs.
The 360km / h high-speed rail is currently the highest in the world. If the train runs at this speed, it only takes about 4h from Tokyo to Sapporo. Since September 2017, China ’s "Fuxing" has achieved actual operation of 350km / h on the Beijing-Shanghai high-speed rail. I think it is not difficult to increase the operating speed to 360km / h or higher. It is entirely possible, of course. It is not easy to implement full-line operation at a speed of 360km / h or higher, and a lot of work needs to be done. In the global high-speed rail lines, the speed of the E5 series of the Shinkansen in Northeast Japan and the TGV of France are both stable at 320km / h.
Since May 10th, the test trains have been tested at Sendai Station-Shin-Aomori Station on the Tohoku Shinkansen, and the tests are conducted in the middle of the night to avoid affecting the normal train operation, about twice a week. This test will take a long time until 2022, which is the first phase of the test, and its task is to determine whether it can run stably at a speed of 360km / h. After confirming that it can reliably and stably run at this speed, the next phase of testing is an advanced phase of testing. The goal is to optimize the in-car service and strive to extend the Hokkaido Shinkansen to Sapporo by 2030, all with 12 trains. Operates at a speed of 360km / h.
They named the train train this time as FASTECH360, which is a targeted and organized rigorous and extensive test of Shinkansen vehicles in Japan after 14 years. The data obtained is not only for 360km / h trains and lines. The construction of the railway is very helpful, and it is also beneficial to the development of the next generation of high-speed rail. Generally, the test speed should be ≥10% faster than the actual operation speed in the future, so the test speed of the FASTECH360 project is 398km / a.
Part of the prototype vehicle of the FASTECH360 train running in Japan is made of flame-retardant magnesium alloy. This new magnesium alloy is the New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO) of Japan. Invented by government agencies and the Innovative Structural Association (ISMM) in 2017. This large-scale practical application of this flame-retardant magnesium alloy in the structure of ultra-high-speed train cars is the first time, and it has epoch-making significance in the development history of magnesium alloys.
Flame retardant magnesium alloys are those magnesium alloys that will not burn without being exposed to an open flame before the heating temperature does not reach the melting point, but no matter what magnesium alloy becomes liquid, it will burn and emit extremely dazzling light, which is frightening, but aluminum, copper, Regardless of the temperature to which zinc is heated, even if it is heated to 1000 ° C above the melting point, it will not burn, it will only flow downward, and it will solidify into a block when it is cooled below the melting point.
The quality of the structure of high-speed rail cars made of magnesium alloy is reduced. The density of magnesium alloy is about 1.74g / cm3, while that of aluminum alloy is 2.7g / cm3. The weight of magnesium alloy structural parts of the same strength is about 20% lighter than that of aluminum alloy. At the same time, the magnesium alloy structure The ability to absorb shock energy is stronger than that of aluminum alloy. Although the price of magnesium is higher than aluminum, the scrap recycling of scrapped vehicles is not as good as aluminum, but it can be compensated in long-term operation.
Finally, it should be pointed out that the magnesium alloy research team led by Academician Ding Wenjiang of Shanghai Jiaotong University in China has made some remarkable achievements in the development of flame retardant magnesium alloys. It is said that the highest melting point of the alloy exceeds 935 ° C. The melting point of the flame retardant magnesium alloy developed by Japan this time has not been reported, and it is likely that it will not exceed that of China. This is also a competition between China and Japan in the field of magnesium alloy research.