Recently, Kyoto University of Japan and Toyota Motor jointly produced a prototype of a new generation of fluoride ion batteries. Researchers have found that compared with the current lithium-ion batteries on the market, "fluoride ion batteries" do have more advantages in terms of storage capacity and capacity.
Experts believe that the "energy density" of lithium-ion battery power storage performance is close to the theoretical limit. The fluoride ion battery developed by Kyoto University and other institutes is also because the energy density of the fluoride ion battery may greatly exceed the limit energy density of the lithium ion battery.
Fluoride combined with metal fluoride carries a large amount of fluoride ions and can generate electricity efficiently. The energy density is equivalent to 7 times that of a lithium-ion battery according to the unit weight of the battery. The greater the energy density, the more light and small batteries can be made. In the case of the same size, the battery can last longer.
Compared with the mainstream lithium ion batteries currently on the market, the electrolyte between the positive and negative electrodes of a fluoride ion battery is not liquid, but solid. The liquid electrolyte of lithium-ion batteries is flammable and may cause a fire if damaged or thermally out of control. The all-solid fluoride ion battery is not easy to leak, not easy to burn, and is good for heat dissipation. If the relevant characteristics complement each other and play a role, it is possible to achieve a battery life of 1,000 kilometers for pure electric vehicles in the future.
Although the fluoride ion battery has many advantages, such a battery can only operate in a high temperature environment, and there is also the problem of electrode expansion. At present, researchers have not stopped the pace of research and development, and related technical bottlenecks are breaking through. It is still unknown how long it will take for the fluoride ion battery to be successfully developed and put into mass production.