Mechanism and application
Can be used for the development of skin preparations: An important translational medical application of nanoplatinum may be to protect keratinocytes from ROS-induced apoptosis under UV irradiation. Studies have shown that topical application of nano-platinum-based gels can protect photosensitivity dermatitis in model mice from UVA-induced skin damage. The development of nano-platinum-based skin formulations can have a huge impact on the medical and cosmetic markets.
As a sensor material: Nano-platinum has excellent catalytic performance and can be used as an electrochemical sensor and a biosensor to detect glucose, hydrogen peroxide, formic acid and other substances.
As a catalyst: Nano platinum is a catalyst that can improve the efficiency of some important chemical reactions and is widely used in fuel cells.
Can treat oxidative stress-related diseases: PtNPs are active over a wide range of pH values and temperatures. At the extreme concentration of H2O2, the efficiency of PtNP remains unchanged, which will inhibit natural HRP and CAT. Compared with biological enzymes, PtNPs have a higher affinity for TMB and may be enhanced by a larger NP surface area. Recent research results on the quenching ability of PtNPs free radicals clearly show their great potential in nanomedicine, oxidative stress-related disease scavengers, and their application prospects as artificial enzymes in nanodiagnostics.
As an antioxidant: HSA-PtNP complexes have high oxygen affinity and antioxidant activity, opening up new prospects for oxygen transport in the blood. In addition, it has also been shown that PtNPs at 2-4 nm have a synergistic clearance with small molecule antioxidants such as 2-amino-6-mercaptopurine, 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole-5-thiol, and 2-mercapto-imidazole. Role, can be used to treat vascular diseases such as atherosclerosis.
Prevention of hepatic ischemia: PtNPs are proposed as nanoparticles to remove ROS from Kupffer cells and prevent liver ischemia. In addition, it can also inhibit heat-induced apoptosis of human lymphatic U937 and HH cells.
Treatment of rare diseases: Low concentration of PtNPs as free radical scavenging materials can completely restore the physiological balance of cells within 48 hours, providing a new way to treat rare diseases.
For nano-diagnosis: HRP and CAT-catalyzed oxidoreductase reactions can detect several target molecules of interest in the biomedical, environmental, or chemical fields, but because the enzyme is expensive to isolate and purify and is sensitive to the environment, PtNPs have become ideal replacement enzymes in diagnostic tests.
Antibacterial: PtNPs can be used to induce the high secretion of ATP in cells, which can lead to bacterial growth inhibition, DNA damage and bacterial toxicity.
As a radiosensitizer: the use of thorium, platinum, and gold nanoparticles can locally enhance the dose effect, enhance the emission of photoelectrons and Auger electrons after X-ray irradiation, or increase the generation of low-energy electrons during hadron therapy. These electrons cause the radiolysis of water near the nanoparticles and generate free radicals that damage cancer cells.
Anti-tumor: The combined application of PtNPs in the treatment of hadron cancer increases the DNA damage caused by double-strand breaks in HT29 cancer cells.
For photothermal treatment: Trilobite platinum nanoparticles (TPN) have excellent photothermal properties, have the least cytotoxicity to normal cell lines, and kill cancer cells under near-infrared light. These nanoparticles can effectively inhibit tumor growth and prevent osteolysis in bone metastasis models.
Material performance advantages
Large specific surface area, high catalytic efficiency, good conductivity, close to zero overpotential, low Tafel slope, can replace enzyme-based biosensors
Application prospects
Biomedical applications
For cancer treatment, nano-diagnosis, treatment of oxidative stress related diseases, antibacterial, skin preparation
Sensor
Biosensor, electrochemical sensor
catalyst
Widely used as an electrocatalyst for fuel cells