Graphene is a new type of carbon material with a two-dimensional honeycomb crystal structure. It has special flexibility, two-dimensional, ultra-thin structural characteristics and high electrical conductivity, high thermal conductivity, and strong mechanical properties. The basic unit of three-dimensional, one-dimensional and three-dimensional carbonaceous materials. However, due to the strong van der Waals force and π-π bond force between graphene sheets, it is prone to irreversible stacking and agglomeration, which severely reduces the properties and effective area of graphene itself, thus limiting its application in certain aspects. , And using graphene sheets as the basic building unit to connect together by bonding to construct a three-dimensional macroscopic body—graphene aerogel is one of the effective methods to solve the problem of graphene sheet stacking.
Graphene aerogel is a porous material with a three-dimensional network cross-linked structure formed by assembling and overlapping graphene nanosheets. The pores are filled with a gas medium, so it has all the structural characteristics of aerogel, including: low density, high Specific surface area and high porosity, etc., and exhibit the inherent ultra-high compression resilience, excellent electrical and thermal conductivity, good environmental stability and hydrophobicity of graphene. In addition, graphene can also have unique properties during the assembly process. More and richer structures, such as one-way ordered, two-way ordered structures, etc., and show diverse performance characteristics with changes in structure.
At present, the preparation of graphene aerogel mainly adopts methods such as in-situ assembly method, chemical vapor deposition method, template method, sol-gel method and 3D printing technology. The obtained graphene aerogel material has high specific surface area and high conductivity. Performance, high mechanical strength, good thermal stability and high adsorption capacity for dyes, oils, organic solvents and inorganic ions, making it suitable for adsorbents, catalysts, sensors, energy storage conversion, electromagnetic shielding, thermal insulation, etc. The field has extremely high potential application value.